Scientists say they have created a material that can conduct electricity without resistance at 58 degrees Fahrenheit, according to a paper published last week. If confirmed, the new material could be a major advance over previous findings that found superconductivity only at temperatures well below zero degrees. While obstacles remain, the discovery could lead to exotic new technologies, experts say. “It’s possible that superconductors could revolutionize transportation with levitation and a superconducting grid,” Ashkan Salamat, a co-author of the paper, and a condensed matter physicist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, said in a phone interview. “We could miniaturize devices and we could think about miniaturizing batteries or eliminating batteries. The blue sky thinking is endless.”
Hoverboarding Through Superconductors?
Possible uses for this kind of material are nearly endless. Superconducting circuits at room temperature “would not lose energy and can go without a need to be recharged,” Shanti Deemyad, a physics professor at The University of Utah, said in an email interview. “In addition, we can use them in creating superconducting logic circuits that are much faster than what we currently have.” Scientists have been pursuing superconductors for more than a century because they hold great promise for all kinds of technologies. In normal wires, electrical resistance forms when electrons knock against the atoms that make up the metal. However, researchers proved in 1911 that, under the right conditions, materials can be fabricated that have no resistance. These were then termed “superconductors.” The effect that powers superconductors also produces an electric field that could allow vehicles to float over superconducting rails, Salamat said. Unfortunately, all the superconductors that have been discovered so far aren’t practical. “The materials known to date need to be cooled by liquid nitrogen or helium to superconduct,” Eva Zurek, a chemistry professor at the University at Buffalo, said in an email interview. “As a result, their applications are limited. Nonetheless, they are employed as superconducting magnets, in MRI machines, in superconducting power lines where energy is not lost to resistance, and in magnetic levitation trains.”
Not Coming to Best Buy Soon
The latest superconductor discovery comes with a big catch: the difficult process by which the material is created at enormous pressure means it can only be produced in tiny quantities. Carbon-sulfur and hydrogen are placed in a device and squeezed together at 40,000 atmospheres, Salamat said, adding “then we do a photochemical reaction so we shine a green light so they end up making this very complex, organic large framework system.” The biggest obstacle researchers face to make a more practical superconductor is reducing the pressures at which the material is produced, Zurek said. “When electricity was discovered we could not have foreseen all of its applications,” he added. “Similarly, I think that a room temp superconductor will bring about applications that are completely revolutionary and unimaginable at the moment.” However, don’t expect the recently discovered superconductor to show up in your laptop, experts say. “In its current form, I cannot see a direct practical application for this material, but this is what we call proof of principle observation and a very robust measurement that can help us find high-temperature superconducting materials at more accessible pressures,” Deemyad said. “If we can even lower the critical pressure by just an order of magnitude I can imagine many practical applications for them.” Salamat says his team is working on a superconductor that’s easier to produce. “We have another paper coming out in a month where we’ve got the second-highest temperature,” he added. Until Salamat and his fellow researchers can make a superconductor that’s a little more practical, hoverboards won’t be hitting the stores. But the new research proves that scientists are getting closer to the day when superconductors could be a part of everyday life.
